Effects of Grafting on Yield and Fruit Quality of Specialty Melons (Cucumis melo) njing Guan and Xin Zhao Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Introduction Effects of grafting on melon fruit size 1. Specialty melons are marketed for their superior fruit flavor and outstanding Treatment Average fruit Treatment Average fruit eating quality. Demand for specialty melons in the U.S. market is continuously increasing. However, there is a lack of good disease resistances weight (kg) weight (kg) in many cultivars. Fumigation Fumigation 2. Grafting melons onto hybrid squash rootstock improved plant resistance to Fumigated plot 1.60 b Fumigated plot 1.49 soil-borne diseases and fruit yield. Non-fumigated plot Non-fumigated plot 3. Planting density of grafted melon plants may be reduced compared with non- Grafting Grafting grafted plants because of vigorous root systems and potential enhancement of water and nutrient uptake. Reducing planting density may also help Ar/St 1.70 HY/St 1.49 decrease costs of grafted melon production. /St_RD 1.79 HY/St_RD 1.53 4. Previous studies yielded mixed results about fruit quality of grafted melons. Limited information is available regarding the effect of hybrid squash rootstock on fruit quality of specialty melons. LS-Means for Trt*harvest wi LS-Means for Trt*harvest with 95% Confidence Limits ight LS-M ‘Arava’ ‘Honey Yellow’ Middle harvest Early harvest Late harvest Early harvest Middle harvest Late harvest ‘Arava’ ‘Honey Y ellow’ Materials and Methods 1. ‘Arava’ (Ar) and ‘Honey Yellow’ (HY) were grafted onto hybrid squash rootstock ‘Strong Tosa’ (St). Effects of grafting on total soluble solids content (SSC) 2. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with fumigation as the main-plot factor, grafted plants (Ar/St, HY/St) grown at standard spacing and Treatment SSC of ‘Arava’ Treatment SSC of ‘Honey reduced in-row spacing (Ar/St_RD, HY/St_RD), and non-grafted control plants Yellow’ (NAr, NHY) grown at standard spacing as sub-plot treatments. There were 8 Fumigation Fumigation plants per treatment per replication, 5 replications. Fumigated plot 9.03 Fumigated plot 14.17 3. Plants were transplanted on 29 March, 2012. Harvests were conducted from Non-fumigated plot Non-fumigated plot 21 May, 2012 to 19 June, 2012, two to three times a week. ‘Arava’ was harvested at full-slip stage, ‘Honey Yellow’ was harvested based on color Grafting Grafting NHY 13.89 4. Fruit quality was evaluated during early, middle, and late harvests. Three typical fruit per treatment per replication were selected to measure fruit HY/St 14.06 LS-Means for Trt*harvest weight and total soluble solids content (SSC). Ar/St_RD 8.70 HY/St_RD 13.61 5. SAS version 9.2 was used for data analysis. LS-Means for Trt*harvest LS-Means for Trt*harvest LS-Means for Tr LS-Means for Trt*harvest wi t*harv Con 5 replications Non-fumigated beds TSS LS-Means Fumigated beds Early harvest Middle harvest Late harvest In-row spacing ‘Honey Yellow’ Standard: 0.91 m, RD: 1.22 m Early harvest Middle harvest Late harvest Early harvest Middle harvest Late harvest Grafted transplants using Field plot layout Fruit color corresponding to °Brix value ‘Arava’ ‘Honey Ye llow’ one-cotyledon method above 16 was used for harvest Effects of grafting on melon fruit yields Conclusions and Discussion Total yield Marketable yield Treatment (kg·ha-1) (kg·ha-1) 1. At the reduced planting density, grafted ‘Arava’ achieved similar yields as non- grafted plants grown at the standard spacing. However, reducing planting density of ‘Arava’ grafted ‘Honey Yellow’ significantly decreased yields. Results indicated that the NAr 62218 planting density effect varied with the scion used. /St 73105 Ar/St_RD 68091 2. Grafting reduced fruit SSC of ‘Arava’, but it showed little influence on fruit quality of ‘Honey Yellow’ ‘Honey Yellow’. The differential responses observed may be related to different growth patterns of muskmelons and honeydews. Because sugars accumulate in a NHY 60106 shorter period in muskmelons compared to honeydew fruit, muskmelon fruit quality may be more likely to be affected by vigorous rootstock. HY/St_RD 49438
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Effects of Grafting on Yield and Fruit Quality of Specialty