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A publication of the International Centre for Policy StudiesICPS newsletter®
government reform Together with the Center for Ukrainian Reform Education (CURE), ICPS has
out in a mechanical manner, but taking into
completed the first round of public consultations on local government reform in seven Ukrainian cities: Chernivtsi, Lutsk, Zhytomyr, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, Mykolayiv, and Sumy. Phase 2 of the “Public Consultations on Reforming Local Government in Ukraine and Public Awareness Campaign” project is funded by the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD). During these hearings, ICPS
As to how to fill local budgets, participants
experts presented for discussion a Green Paper on reforming local government
immediately drew attention to the issue of
in Ukraine. These public consultations demonstrated how difficult it is to
lands adjoining administrative territories.
implement any reform effectively without prior consultations with stakeholders.
This land, which, in principle, should serve the
Officials in the central government often do not know the entire scale of
interests of local communities, is generally at
problems at the local level and specific regional factors that will affect the
the disposal of the central government. Thus,
implementation of any reforms
the principle of universal local government is violated in Ukraine. According to this
The main goal of these consultations was
villages into a single community when they
principle, a country should not have territory
differ in terms of language, religion and
that is not under the jurisdiction of a specific
ethnicity, said stakeholders from the Bukovyna territorial community. Among others, this
region, as this kind of consolidation could lead leads to frequent abuse of land resources.
to a worse situation and the emergence of
most hotly debated issues were the reform
Another issue that was raised by participants
of administrative territories, budget de-
was the fact that local communities have
The most that participants were prepared to
absolutely no benefits from the current system
support was a more intensive absorption of
capacities at the local government level, and
for managing mineral deposits, forests and
failing communities, mostly villages, into a
changes to the local electoral system.
other resources that are at the disposal of the
single administrative unit. Other proposed
central government. Moreover, central bodies,
consolidations, at the county or oblast level,
as a rule, dispose of these resources in a very
It has become obvious that, to implement
this kind of reform, the positive impact of any
traditional issue of local taxes. They agreed
changes needs to be brought to the awareness
cornerstone of the local government reform.
that a land tax and a real estate tax could be
The regions still remember the unsuccessful
good sources to significantly improve local
reasoned manner. According to participants in
efforts of Vice Premier for Administrative
the consultations, underdeveloped road and
Territorial Reform Roman Bezsmertniy in 2005
transport infrastructure and the lack of family
and were quite cautious about new proposals
cars make the proximity of an oblast or county
seat that can provide certain administrative
or social services a very important factor. To
The problem of lack of professionalism among
the borders of administrative territories
consolidate counties or oblasts looks, at the
local deputies was one of the most urgent
were being changed it was necessary to be
local level, like a pointless distraction for Kyiv
issues raised during these consultations. The
guided not so much by the “abstract logic
politicians, but not an urgent actual need.
coming of new deputies to local councils
of minimum population numbers” for each
under the proportional system brought the
level of unit—for this is the principle being
lack of professionalism among local deputies
number of conclusions: large-scale reform
touted by the newly-formed coalition— as by
to the fore. Closed party lists made it possible
of administrative territories in Ukraine is
specific regional political and socio-economic
for party leaders to bring individuals into their
impossible for many objective and subjective
factions who would not pass muster under a
reasons. A more realistic concept is to simply
A good example is Chernivtsi oblast, which has
consolidate failing administrative territories
very small communities, population-wise. Yet,
at the lowest level, villages and settled areas.
Strictly speaking, raising the professional level
it is not realistic to consolidate neighboring
But even this consolidation cannot be carried
of deputies should be a matter for local party
organizations, but they do not currently have
issues of land distribution, which they can
the capacity to undertake such activities.
moment, analytical work and consultations
easily resolve for their own gain and benefits
So this issue must become the focus of both
with stakeholders are needed at the local level
under the existing system. This is the main
international donors working to develop local
so that people can form their own opinions
reason why such deputies do not need local
government and, possibly, for the country’s
about what kind of electoral system is needed
government reform. Even if their powers are
significantly expanded, chances are they will not know what to do with them anyway, while
the quality of local services in these oblasts
Another factor that became evident during
will not improve because of this reform.
Consultation participants thought the source
of this lack of professionalism among local
development of a political culture of local
deputies is the change in the electoral system. government in different regions. This The proportional electoral system with closed
means that local government reform might
A key reform that must be implemented along
party lists raised many complaints among the
not produce equally good results across all
with local government reform is reform of
participants. Stakeholders said that, despite
the judiciary. A change in the regulatory
some positive aspects for the development
First of all, these differences manifested
of political parties at the local level, the new
themselves in the attitude of local deputies in
operate will not bring any results, if local
electoral system had a very negative impact
different regions to local government reform
governments cannot defend those rights that
on the effectiveness of the work of locally
responsibilities with its implementation.
to consultation participants, if their opponents are government bodies or
In addition to a decline in the professional
For example, representatives of political
medium and large businesses interests, local
level of deputies, other drawbacks include
government bodies cannot defend their own
the fact that local elected councils represent
interests of their communities less, while the
and responsibilities. Local politicians view
link between a local deputy and a particular
local governments as the field of their own
Based on the results of these consultations,
council is not very clear. Local councils
professional activity and, therefore, see local
a report will be published and disseminated
have become excessively politicized as local
in the central government. ICPS and CURE
deputies do what they are told to do by their
expand the scope of their responsibilities.
headquarters, and not what is better for the
through these consultations to the politicians
who are developing and implementing local
participants expressed frank doubts that local
government reform to make this reform more
Unfortunately, consultation participants could
deputies would rejoice at the implementation
not provide well-argued, consistent answers
of this reform and the resulting expansion
to the question, how this system should be
of powers and responsibilities. They argued
For additional information, contact ICPS
changed. Some talked about returning to the
that political parties in these oblasts are not
specialist Ivan Presniakov by telephone
majority system and others about switching to sufficiently developed, while the interests
at (380-44) 484-4400 or via e-mail at
of local deputies are limited exclusively to
Spain and Ukraine: Prospects for partnership
The International Centre for Policy Studies is currently involved
Yuriy Klymenko, General Consul of Ukraine in Barcelona; Orysia
in developing relations between Ukraine and Spain. Over 3–4
Lutsevych, Executive Director, Open Ukraine Foundation;
December, a conference called “Spain and Ukraine: Prospects
Volodymyr Nikitin, Director, International Centre for Policy
for Partnership” was held in Barcelona on the initiative of
Studies; Ivan Poltavets, economist, BEST, an analytical center;
ICPS in Kyiv, the CIDOB Foundation—the Center for Studying
Iryna Sushko, researcher, Centre for Peace, Conversion and Foreign
International Relations and Development—in Barcelona, Spain,
Policy of Ukraine (CPCFPU); Oleksandr Sushko, Deputy Director,
and the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Madrid, Spain.
CPCFPU; Maryna Cherenkova, Head of the Working Group on CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), Donetsk Oblast Council; Olha
Organizers set the objective, first of all, of raising awareness
Shumylo, Director of European Integration, International Centre
about each country’s political and economic development
for Policy Studies; Anatoliy Shcherba, Ambassador of Ukraine
issues, to exchange experiences in transformation from
in Spain; and Prof. Valentyn Yakushyk, Political Science Chair,
totalitarian systems to democracy, and to identify potential
National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.
areas of bilateral co-operation between government and non-government institutions in both Ukraine and Spain.
During this forum, participants developed proposals for further cooperation between Ukraine and Spain. The results will be
The Ukrainian side was represented by: Mykhailo Honchar,
used to draft a report containing recommendations and will be
Director for Energy Programs, NOMOS; Hanna Derev’yanko,
disseminated among key players in Ukraine and Spain.
Executive Director, European Business Association (EBA); Oksana Diakuh, First Secretary for Political Affairs, Embassy of Ukraine
For additional information, contact the directors of this initiative:
in Spain; Thomas Eymond-Laritaz, President, Victor Pinchuk
ICPS Director for European Integration Olha Shumylo by telephone at
Foundation; Olena Zerkal, Director of the State Department
(380-44) 484-4444 or via e-mail at [email protected] or CIDOB
for the Approximation of the Legislation, Ministry of Justice;
Deputy Director Carmen Claudin by e-mail at [email protected].icps newsletter is a weekly publication of the International Centre for Policy Studies, delivered by electronic mail. To be included in the distribution list, contact the ICPS publications department at [email protected] or call (380-44) 484-4400. icps newsletter editor Olha Lvova ([email protected]). Phone: (380-44) 484-4400. English text editor L.A. Wolanskyj. Articles may be reprinted with ICPS consent. icps newsletter on the web: http://icps.com.ua/eng/publications/nl.html
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