Si está buscando comprar medicamentos en línea en España, es importante elegir una farmacia en línea de confianza y segura para garantizar que los medicamentos que reciba sean auténticos y de alta calidad. En comprar-farmacia.es, ofrecemos una amplia selección de medicamentos, incluido Cialis para la disfunción eréctil (DE), y trabajamos con farmacias acreditadas para garantizar la calidad y la autenticidad de nuestros productos.
Visite nuestro sitio web en comprar-farmacia.es para obtener más información sobre nuestros productos y servicios. Nuestro equipo de atención al cliente está disponible para ayudarlo en todo momento y garantizar una experiencia de compra en línea segura y satisfactoria.
C:\documents and settings\donna.pdf
Washout Periods for Brimonidine for latanoprost (n ؍ 17) was 4.4 ؎ 3.2 weeks (P ؍ .24). 0.2% and Latanoprost 0.005% In all but one patient, brimonidine returned to baseline by 5 weeks and latanoprost returned by 8 weeks. William C. Stewart, MD, Keri T. Holmes, and CONCLUSION: After discontinuing latanoprost or bri- Mark A. Johnson monidine, a wide variation exists in washout times among individuals, with latanoprost demonstrating a trend to a PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure washout longer washout period. (Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131: time after discontinuing brimonidine 0.2% twice daily 798 –799. 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights and latanoprost 0.005% once every evening. reserved.) METHODS: We discontinued brimonidine or latanoprost in a masked fashion from primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensive patients. The intraocular pressure was measured twice weekly until patients returned to
THE WASHOUT TIMES FROM THE EYE OF AN OCULAR
hypotensive medication after discontinuing its use may
untreated baseline.
be important for several reasons. First, when substituting
RESULTS: In 32 patients, the mean longest eye washout
medications, a physician should know how long the
time for brimonidine (n ؍ 15) was 3.3 ؎ 3.0 weeks and
previous medicine may last to assess the efficacy of the newproduct. Second, for clinical trials, it is important to know
Accepted for publication Nov 29, 2000.
the washout period of a medication to determine when an
From Pharmaceutical Research Corporation, Charleston, South Caro-
untreated baseline should be measured. Unfortunately,
lina (W.C.S., K.T.H.), and the Carolina Eye Institute, University of
little information is available generally on washout periods
South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina(W.C.S.), Atlanta Research Company LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (M.A.J.).
Supported by Pharmacia, Inc., Peapack, NJ.
This trial was part of a protocol that has been reported
Inquiries to William C. Stewart, MD, Pharmaceutical Research Cor-
separately.1 After exit from the previous trial, patients
poration, 1639 Tatum St, Charleston, SC 29412-2646; fax: (843)762-7444; e-mail: [email protected]
were discontinued from their masked study medication,
FIGURE 1. Average trough washout pressure from treated baseline after discontinuing latanoprost (squares) or brimonidine (diamonds). Once a subject returned to baseline, the pressure in the graph is recorded at 0 mm Hg at each subsequent visit. The “n” values show the number of subjects not returned to baseline for each time point. The graph includes the “longest eye” washout times only. The trough pressure decrease from baseline at Week 0 was 3.9 ؎ 2.4 mm Hg for brimonidine and 8.5 ؎ 4.3 mm Hg for latanoprost. IOP ؍ intraocular pressure.
which was either brimonidine 0.2% twice daily or latano-
Acute Full-Thickness Macular Hole
prost 0.005% every evening. Patients were followed in a
After Uncomplicated
masked fashion with trough (8 AM) Goldmann applanationtonometry in both eyes twice weekly (approximately every
Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery
3 to 4 days), for up to 3 months, until the intraocular
Julian A. Patterson, FRCS, FRCOphth,
pressure returned to the 8 AM trough baseline (Ϫ1 mm Hg
Eric Ezra, FRCS, FRCOphth, and Zdenek J. Gregor, FRCS, FRCOphth
Of the 32 subjects in this trial, 15 were discontinued
from brimonidine and 17 latanoprost. Ten patients hadocular hypertension, and 22 had primary open-angle glau-
PURPOSE: To report the occurrence of a full-thickness macular hole in the early postoperative period after
coma. Eleven subjects were white, and 22 were black; 16
uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
were women and 16 were men. The average age was
METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of eyes referred for treatment of a full-thickness macular
The mean longest eye washout time for brimonidine was
hole after uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract
3.3 Ϯ 3.0 weeks, and for latanoprost was 4.4 Ϯ 3.2 weeks
surgery.
(P ϭ .24). The mean shorter eye washout time for
RESULTS: In a 4-year period, five eyes with acute full-
brimonidine was 2.5 Ϯ 1.8 weeks and for latanoprost was
thickness macular hole after uncomplicated phacoemulsifi-
3.1 Ϯ 3.2 weeks (P ϭ .38). By 3 weeks, approximately half
cation cataract surgery were examined. Metamorphopsia
of the patients in each group had reached baseline. The
and vision loss had occurred 2 to 8 (mean, 4.4) days after
mean intraocular pressure had normalized by week 5 for
phacoemulsification. All eyes had attained normal corrected
brimonidine and week 8 for latanoprost, except one
vision on day 1 postoperatively. A stage 2 full-thickness
patient in each group who completed 3 months without
macular hole was present in four of the five, and a stage 3
returning to baseline. The average pressure decrease from
full-thickness macular hole in one of the five eyes with
baseline at each time point after discontinuation is shown
acuities of 20/60 –20/120 (median, 20/80). All five eyes
in Figure 1. No adverse events were reported during the
had successful closure with early primary full-thickness macular hole surgery with visual improvement to 20/20 –
In a previous study, Alm and associates indicated that
20/60 (median, 20/40).
latanoprost still retained an ocular hypotensive effect 2
CONCLUSION: Full-thickness macular hole may occur
weeks after discontinuation of the medicine.2 However,
rarely during the early postoperative period after uncom-
beyond 2 weeks after discontinuing latanoprost, the in-
plicated phacoemulsification, and early diagnosis and
traocular pressures were not measured. The washout period
full-thickness macular hole surgery carries a favorable
for brimonidine (an ␣ adrenergic agonist) and epineph-
prognosis. The mechanisms underlying macular hole
rine (␣- and -adrenergic agonist) in clinical protocols is
formation in these eyes are unclear. (Am J Ophthalmol
usually 2 weeks. However, we have not been able to
2001;131:799 – 800. 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.
substantiate this 2-week washout from clinical data. All rights reserved.)
The results of this study showed a statistical similarity
for washout times between groups. However, comparedwith brimonidine, a trend existed to a slightly longer mean
ALTHOUGH VARIOUS RETINAL COMPLICATIONS, SUCH
as aphakic/pseudophakic cystoid macular edema,1 pe-
washout period, and among individuals, washout periods
ripheral retinal breaks, and retinal detachment,2,3 have
were often greater than 1 month for latanoprost. Both
been well described after cataract surgery, and they are
medications demonstrated a wide variation of the washout
thought to be increased by intraoperative breach of the
posterior capsule and late posterior capsulotomy for pseu-
This study suggests that after discontinuing latanoprost
dophakic posterior capsular opacification,1–3 the underly-
or brimonidine, a wide variation exists in washout times
ing mechanisms remain unclear.1–3 Full-thickness macular
among individuals, with latanoprost demonstrating a trend
hole formation has also been described after uncompli-
cated Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy (PC),4,5 wheretransmission of forces through the vitreous has been
implicated,4,5 but its occurrence after uncomplicated cat-
1. Stewart WC, Day DG, Stewart JA, Schuhr J, Latham KE. The
efficacy and safety of latanoprost 0.005% once daily versus
Accepted for publication Nov 15, 2000.
brimonidine 0.2% twice daily in open-angle glaucoma or
From the Vitreoretinal Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United
Supported by grants 301 and 311 from Guide Dogs for the Blind
2. Linden C, Nuija E, Alm A. Effects on IOP restoration and
Association and Moorfields Special Trustees.
blood-aqueous barrier after long-term treatment with latano-
Inquiries to Eric Ezra, FRCS, FRCOphth, Massachusetts Eye and Ear
prost in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J
Infirmary, Retina Service, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114; tel: (617)
573-4008; fax: (617) 573-3698; e-mail: [email protected]
I s s u e 1 7 , O c t o b e r - D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 5 Goto www.wddty.com. And cal me for the info sheet I Hope you al had a beautiful summer; we have had a very busy summer and look forward to the winter, staying warm indoors and sharing with you al . We are in the process of setting up a formal complementary health practice at home. We wil be giving Jin Shin In the last newsletter I wr
Femmes catégorie C1 Nom / Prénom Société Nom / Prénom Société 69 Uthayakumar Beracha 2003 TV Ostermundigen Femmes catégorie C1 Nom / Prénom Total Total Uthayakumar Beracha 2003 TV Ostermundigen 1 Femmes catégorie C2 Nom / Prénom Société Nom / Prénom Société Femmes catégorie C2 Nom / Prénom Total Total Nom / Prénom Total Total