0 ta intro.xls

INTRODUCTION
We thank you for your interest in our range of products and services and hope thatyou find this catalogue helpful.
We have tried to list as much relevant information as possible, but should you findthat your particular requirements are not listed, then please contact our sales office who will be pleased to help.
This catalogue is one of a set and should you require others in the series, pleasedo not hesitate to call.
Whilst every effort is made to ensure that the information is accurate and correct,the conditions under which Portmere Rubber products are used are beyond ourcontrol and therefore our recommendations are made without warranty or guarantee.
Portmere Rubber reserve the right to change specifications without prior notice.
We shall be pleased to accept your enquiry or order, whether large or small. Orders over any distance will be met from our two factories in the south of England.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
Tel: +44 (023) 8022 3628
Victoria Street, Northam, Southampton, SO14 5QZ
Fax: +44 (023) 8022 3250
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES………………… Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Basic Properties
Section 1
cat sect pge
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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PROPERTIES OF RUBBER
These are only a guide and variations are available to each type that can alter their properties
Good physical properties, including abrasion resistance. Not resistant to oilsand fuels and is not U/V stable.
Excellent physical properties including abrasion and low temperature resistance.
Not resistant to oils and fuels and not U/V stable.
Excellent U/V resistance and, flame retarding. Moderate resistance to oil and chemicals.
4 ACRYLONITRILEBUTADIENE RUBBER - NBR.
Excellent resistance to petroleum based fluids. Good physical properties.
Not U/V stable.
5 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER - EPDM.
Excellent resistance to steam, aging, U/V and chemicals. Not resistant tooil and fuels.
Excellent resistance to U/V, weathering, and acids. Good abrasion and heatresistance. Fair resistance to petroleum based fluids.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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PROPERTIES OF RUBBER
Very good chemical and high temperature resistance. Excellent resistance tooil and fuels including aromatics.
Excellent resistance to temperature, chemical and U/V. Poor resistance to fuels.
Excellent chemical, corrosion and U/V resistance.
Excellent chemical, fuel, temperature and abrasion resistance. Highly elasticand very flexible.
Excellent U/V resistance. Low permeability to air and gasses. Good physicalproperties. Heat resistant. Poor resistance to petroleum based fluids.
Excellent U/V and temperature resistant. Low odour permeability. Goodresistance against fuels and oils.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Measurements of Rubber Properties
Section 2
cat sect pge
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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MEASUREMENT OF RUBBER PROPERTIES
Elastomeric (I.e. rubbery or resilient) thermoset.
Measured in degrees and based on the penetration into the rubber of a defined indentor under a set load. These scales are commonly used: IRHD (International Rubber Hardness Degrees), Shore A, and Shore D for hardmaterials over 90o Shore A. IRHD is preferred for mostspecifications but Shore A is also in widespread use.
This is measured in various units and is expressed as a force per unit area. A standard dumbbell type test piece of known cross sectional area is used which isstretched until it breaks. The force required to do so is then recorded and expressed as force per unit area.
Elongation is defined as the length at breaking point expressed as a percentage of its original length ( I.e.
length at rest) e.g. if a rubber reaches twice its length before breaking its elongation is 100%. Modulus is measured as the force per unit area required to extend a rubber to a stated percentage of its original length e.g. to 100%, 200% or 300%. It isoften written as M100=3.0 Mpa (I.e. modulus at 100% =3.0 Mpa).
A cylindrical button of rubber of known thickness is compressed to a fixed height (typically 70% or 75% of its original height) at a defined temperature for a specified period of time. The button is then released,allowed to recover (typically for 30 mins) and the thickness is measured. Compression set is the height that is not recovered expressed as a percentage of the amount by which it was compressed.
A standard test piece of known length is stretched by a stated percentage for a period of time and is then released. After recovery the length is measured and the change in length (I.e. unrecovered length) is expressed as a percentage of extended length.
Density is defined as the mass per unit volume and is measured by weighing the rubber sample in air and Resilience is measured on standard test equipment (of which there are several types- e.g. Dunlop, Tripsometer, Lupke, Rebound). Standard test pieces are struck by the 'hammer' and the 'bounce back' of the hammer measured. This is expressed as a percentage of the flight path of the hammer.
This is usually expressed as the change in properties (such as hardness, strength and elongation at break)caused by the presence of chemicals under defined conditions (including concentration, time and temperature).
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Fax: +44 (023) 8022 3250
MEASUREMENT OF RUBBER PROPERTIES
Fluid resistance is commonly measured by the effect of the fluid on the volume of the rubber expressed as a volume change (e.g. + 100% indicates that the volumeof the rubber has doubled as a result of exposure tothe fluid ,- 10% indicates that the volume of rubber has decreased as a result of exposure to the fluid.) Volume change is measured by determining the weight of a sample in air and water before and after exposure tothe fluid under defined conditions.
(W3 -W4)-(W1-W2)Volume change (%) x100 (W1-W2) Fluid resistance may also be defined in the same way as chemical resistance (above) I.e. by change in properties of the rubber.
W1 Wt in air (initial) W2 Wt in water (initial) W3 Wt in air (swollen)W4 Wt in water (swollen) Weather resistance is a fairly subjective test and it is necessary to state clearly the conditions under which the exposure took place I.e. dates, geographic location, angle and direction of exposure relative to the sun etc.
The properties of test pieces are measured before and after sun exposure and expressed as percentage changes (with the exception of hardness changeswhich are usually recorded in degrees). The change inany property may be measured but the most common are hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break andmodulus at 100% and 300%.
Ozone causes cracking in rubber. Test pieces are usually placed under a small degree of tension e.g. by bending round a mandril or stretching by 5%. Thesample is exposed under static conditions to a controlled atmosphere containing ozone (typically50pphm)The cracks are graded by standard photographs, by measurements or by description, e.g. 'visible under 10xmagnification' 'visible to the unaided eye' etc. Resultsmay be recorded as the time taken to reach a particular grade of cracking, or by the grade of crackingapparent after a fixed period of time.
Tear strength is measured as the force is required to tear a standard test piece. The standard test pieces are designed to produce weak points where a tear isinitiated.
Abrasion properties of rubber are difficult to define.
Many different abrasion machines have been designed but they do not always give similar results. The mostcommon abraders are AKRON, Dunlop and Du Pont.
Results are recorded as volume loss per standard testpiece, or as the difference in volume loss when compared with a standard material of known abrasionvalue. Indices of relative abrasion are also used.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
Tel: +44 (023) 8022 3628
Victoria Street, Northam, Southampton, SO14 5QZ
Fax: +44 (023) 8022 3250
Portmere Rubber Ltd
Tel: +44 (023) 8022 3628
Victoria Street, Northam, Southampton, SO14 5QZ
Fax: +44 (023) 8022 3250
Dimensional Tolerances
Section 3
cat sect pge
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE DIAMETER TOLERANCES
Tolerances
Tolerances
LENGTH TOLERANCES
Tolerances for Specific Cut Lengths of Hose
These tolerances apply to hose which is made in conventional lengths and then cut to
specified shorter pieces.
Tolerances
Tolerances for Hose Built to length
When fittings or special ends are applied at time of manufacture, tolerance to overall
length.
Tolerances
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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RUBBER EXTRUSION TOLERANCES
TABLE 2 - Tolerances on cross sectional dimensions.
Nominal Dimension Class E1 Class E2 Class E3
All Portmere Extrusions are to E2 Tolerances unless otherwise stated for sizesup to 100mm.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Dimensional Tolerances
Moulding
Tolerances for moulded products to ISO 3302 1995 (BS 3734) Table classes M1 (Precision) and M2 (Commercial) values in mm Nominal Dimension
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Dimensional Tolerances
Sheeting
STANDARD - THICKNESS TOLERANCES
Nominal Elastomer
Thickness mm
Sheetings
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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British Standards
Section 4
cat sect pge
There are three main British Standards for rubber compounds: BS 1154, BS 2752 and BS 2751.
For Natural Rubber, Chloroprene (Neoprene) and Nitrile Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Common British Standards
Natural rubber compounds (high quality)
This British Standard specifies requirements for four non-black natural rubber compounds designatedW40, W50, W60, W70, three non - black natural rubber / zinc oxide compounds designated Y40, Y50,Y60 and five black natural rubber compounds designated Z40, Z50, Z60, Z70, Z80, according tovulcanised hardness as shown in the table below.
These high quality compounds are primarily intended to meet the requirements of Government departments for various rubber items in the form of mouldings, moulded or calendered sheet, and items cut or punched from sheet. They are for general purpose applications only and are not recommended when special properties are required such as improved ozone or heat resistance, freedom from tarnishing or corrosion of some metallic components ( copper, silver), long term low-temperature use, or seals in caster oil-based fluid systems.
The compounds do not necessarily have good electrical insulating properties.
Compound Designation
Designation
Hardness degrees
(IRHD) after vulcanisation
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Common British Standards
Vulcanized Chloroprene Rubbers
This British Standard specifies requirements for five chloroprene rubber vulcanisates designated C40 to C80 according to their hardness as shown in the table below.
These vulcanisates are primarily intended to meet the requirements of Government departments for rubber items in the form of extrusions, mouldings, sheet and items cut or punched from sheet, in whichresistance to weather and certain organic liquids is a necessary property, but stiffening at temperaturescan be tolerated. Compounds made to this specification may not have good electrical insulating properties.
Compound Designation
Designation
Hardness degrees
Compound C40 is not necessarily suitable for extrusion Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Common British Standards
Acrylonitrile - Butadiene Rubber Compounds
These compounds are intended for the manufacture of items in the form of extrusions, mouldings, sheet and items cut or punched from sheet in which resistance to certain organic liquids, in particular hydrocarbon fuels and oils, is a necessary property, but where some stiffening at temperatures below -20 o c can be tolerated. They are primarily intended to meet many of the ordinary requirements of Government departments.
Compounds complying with the requirements of BS 2751 may not have good electrical insulating properties whereas vulcanisates complying with the requirements of BS 3222 are available withspecific electrical properties. Compound Designation
Designation
Hardness after
vulcanisation (IRHD)
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Conversion
Section 5
cat sect pge
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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CONVERSION TABLES.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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5-5-2 CONVERSION TABLES.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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CONVERSION TABLES
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART.
Fahrenheit - Celcius (Centigrade).
Locate the temperature in bold type and read the equivalent oF in the right hand column and the equivalent oC in the left hand column.
1 oC to oF. You wish to convert 40oC to oF. Locate 40 in the bold typeface column and read the appropriate temperature in the oF column to the right.
2 oF to oC. To convert 40oF to oC, locate 40 in the bold typeface column, and the oC to the left will show that the answer is 5oC.
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Rubber Terms
Section 6
cat sect pge
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Rubber Terms
Calendering
Producing rubber in continuous sheets by processing it through a series of rollers.
Compound
A general word used to describe a particular formulation or 'recipe', or as a descriptive term for unvulcanised rubber in general. It is used in such applications as 'Compounding ingredients', 'Compound no. XYZ', etc.
Compression Set
The degree to which a rubber does not recover fully to its original stateafter it has been compressed for a long period of time.
Also known as vulcanisation, this is the permanent change which the rubber undergoes during moulding. When mixed, rubber compounds arethermoplastic and will melt and deform easily. After curing, the rubberis heat stable.
Elastomer
General term used to describe all natural and synthetic polymeric materials which have rubbery or 'elastic' properties.
Extrusion
Producing continuous lengths of rubber with a constant profile by forcingit through a die under pressure and vulcanising it. Harboro does not specialise in this sector of the industry.
Heat Ageing
Also known as 'accelerated ageing'. Rubber materials are often tested for shorter times at higher temperatures to predict what willhappen over longer times and at lower temperatures.
The relationship between stress (force) and strain (extended length).
Modulus is usually given as the stress (or force) required to extend General term used to describe all rubbers and plastics. In fact, it is the chemical term used to describe all organic materials which are formed from chains of repeated chemical units.
Resilience
The technical term used to describe 'bounce' or 'snap'. Increasing resilience means an increasing 'bounciness'.
The degree to which a rubber does not fully recover to its original shape after it has been deformed for a long period of time. Also called Thermoplastic
Any material which melts on heating and resets on cooling. This melting and refreezing can be repeated indefinitely.
Vulcanisation
The permanent chemical change that a rubber undergoes on heating together with chemicals. The chemicals which accomplish this change Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Section 7
cat sect pge
Antifreeze (ethylene Glycol) - Bismuth Carbonate Black Sulphate Liquor - Butyric Anhydride Cresylic Acid - Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12) Dimethyl Ketone (Acetone) - Ethyl Acrylate Potassium Nitrite - Secondary Butyl Alcohol Tertiary Butyl Alcohol - Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP) Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Acetal - Ammonia Anhydrous
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Ammonia, Liquid - Ansul Ether
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) - Bismuth Carbonate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Black Sulphate Liquor - Butyric Anhydride
REFER TO SUPPLIER
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Cadmium Cyanide - Chlorine Gas (Dry)
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Chlorine, Water Solns - Cresols
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Cresylic Acid - Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12)
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
* Teflon is not recommended here dionization levels are critical
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Dichloroethane - Dimethylformamide (DMF)
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
* Teflon is not recommended where deionization levels are critical
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Dimethyl Ketone (Acetone) - Ethyl Acrylate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Ethyl Benzene - Ferric Acid
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Ferric Sulphate - Freon TA*
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Freon TC* - Hexylene Glycol
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Hexyl Methyl Ketone - Isoamyl Chloride
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Isoamyl Ether - Lead Sulphate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Ligroin - Methane
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Methyl Acetate - Monovinyl Acetate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Motor Oil - Octylene Glycol
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Oil, Petroleum - Phenois (di - Nitrols)
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Phenosulphonic Acid - Potassium Nitrate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Potassium Nitrite - Secondary Butyl Alcohol
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Sewage - Sodium Perborate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Sodium Peroxide - Terpineol
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Tertiary Butyl Alcohol - Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP)
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Triethanolamine (TEA) - Xylene (Xylol)
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
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Elastomer Chemical Resistance Guide
Xylidine - Zinc Sulphate
Key
E - Excellent. Suitable for continuous service.
G - Good. Generally suitable for continuous or intermittent service.
C - Conditional. Not recommended for continuous or intermittent service.
D - DO NOT USE
- No experience
Portmere Rubber Ltd
Tel : +44 (023) 8022 3628
Victoria Street, Northam, Southampton, SO14 5QZ
Fax: +44 (023) 8022 3250

Source: http://www.portmererubber.co.uk/catalogues/technicaladvice.pdf