Si está buscando comprar medicamentos en línea en España, es importante elegir una farmacia en línea de confianza y segura para garantizar que los medicamentos que reciba sean auténticos y de alta calidad. En comprar-farmacia.es, ofrecemos una amplia selección de medicamentos, incluido Cialis para la disfunción eréctil (DE), y trabajamos con farmacias acreditadas para garantizar la calidad y la autenticidad de nuestros productos.
Visite nuestro sitio web en comprar-farmacia.es para obtener más información sobre nuestros productos y servicios. Nuestro equipo de atención al cliente está disponible para ayudarlo en todo momento y garantizar una experiencia de compra en línea segura y satisfactoria.
Literature review: tai chi chuan's role in maintaining independence in ageing people with chronic disease
Abstract Tai Chi Chuan has traditionally been used and is still practised by millionsof Chinese people, especially the elderly as an exercise and therapeutic tool. Since theadvent of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the west, there has been an increasinginterest in its potential health benefits by an increasing number of health professionals,including doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. This literaturereview focuses on the increasing evidence of Tai Chi as an exercise activity which canimprove fitness, and that with regular application can lead to an increase in functionalabilities of coordination and joint mobility, as well as improve self esteem andconfidence. The literature review on Tai Chi provides evidence as to the potential forTai Chi in the prevention and treatment of many conditions associated with ageing,amongst them loss of balance and strength (frailty), and cardiorespiratory function, aswell as psychological factors associated with the ageing process.
It is concluded that Tai Chi Chuan can prevent many of the problems associated
with ageing, but that further research needs to be undertaken into the use of Tai Chi asa therapeutic tool for combating chronic disease. # 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Althoughphysical strength tends to decline
Andrzej Jancewicz BSc(Hons), MRSS(T), FSMT
Sports Massage Therapist, Clinical supervisor,
Polyclinic, University of Westminster, London
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (2001)
doi: 10.1054/jbmt.2000.0178, available online at
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
conditions of ageing depends on acomplex interaction of factors, andany generalizations concerningelderly people should be read withcaution.
controversial. It is generallyassumed that Tai Chi (also calledTai Chi Chuan, Taijiquan, TaiChiQuan or T’ai Chi) has its beginningssome 300 years ago in the late Mingand early Qing dynasties of China(Wolf 1997), although its roots aresteeped in Taoist philosophy and goback to 300 BC Legend has it that ChangSanfeng, a thirteenth century Taoistmonk originated Tai Chi Chuan byadopting an earlier martial art formused by monks for protectionAlthough TaiChi is a martial art, it has many
Fig. 1. ‘Waving hands in the clouds’ — an example of using the waist and shifting bodyweight.
therapeutic qualities. This is becausethe emphasis on performing themovements of Tai Chi is not onexertion or strength, but on
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
posture ‘single whip’ or ‘fist under
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
include a comparative study of TaiChi with Wing Chun which evaluatedrespiratory and metabolic responses. Wing Chuan, which translates as‘beautiful springtime’, is a style ofmartial art which originates fromsouthern China. Legend has it that awoman called Yim Wing Chun wastaught the art by a Shaolin nuncalled Ng Mui In thisstudy of martial arts experts,unspecified age, a lower ventilatoryequivalent for oxygen was shown byTai Chi practitioners. This maysuggest that practising Tai Chiresults in better breathing patternthan Wing Chun, which is more ofan energetic martial art andtherefore less useful for the elderly. This in turn may suggest that Tai
Fig. 2. Postures responsible for increasing hand grip strength.
Chi breathing patterns are moreuseful than higher intensityexercises, which is relevant in regardto possible benefits in ageing people.
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
people ‘‘with’’ chronic disease?’,
Arnetz BB, Theorell T, Levi L, Kallner A,
psychoendocrine and metabolic effects. Psychosomatic Medicine 45: 395–406
research is required in this area, i.e.
therapeutic benefits. American Journal of
Bemben MG 1998 Age related — alterations
Blair SN, Garcia ME 1996 Get up and move:
women. Journal of the AmericanGeriatrics Society 44: 599–600
Buddenberg LA 1998 Getting the elderly back
Osborne M, Ives G 1996 Changes inhaemodynamic parameters following Tai
Crook P, Stott R, Rose M, Peters S, Salmon
Farrel SJ, Ross AD, Sehgal KV 1999 Eastern
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
practitioners and sedentary subjects.
Ross MC 1998 The therapeutic effects of Tai
Frantzis B, Abel J 1988 Tai Chi for health.
Frontline 1998 A certified training course in
Tai Chi Chuan as a cardiac rehabilitation
pain, and mood in the elderly. Results of
a pilot study. Journal of Holistic Nursing
Sakai T, Ideishi M, Miura S et al. 1998 Mild
12 month Tai Chi training in the elderly:
its effect on health fitness. Medicine and
The roles of exercise and fall risk in the
The effect of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory
function in patients with coronary artery
Simpson JM 1993 Elderly people at risk of
falling: the role of muscle weakness.
control, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory
fitness among older Tai Chi practitioners.
Chi Chuan — the technique of power.
Smith R 1994 Validation and reliability of the
elderly mobility scale. Physiotherapy 80:
Jin P 1992 Efficacy of Tai Chi, briskwalking,
Tinetti ME, Franklin Williams T, Mayewski
R 1986 Fall risk index for elderly patients
Mills N, Allen J, Carey Morgan S 2000 Does
based on number of chronic disabilities.
Johnstone J, Judd M, Langley J et al. 1993
Motoyama M, Sunami Y, Kinoshita F et al.
postural control in the well elderly.
low intensity aerobic training in elderly
Uchino BN, Cacioppo JT, Kiecolt-Glaser JK
Exercise to improve gait velocity in older
patients with coronary artery disease.
mechanisms and implications for health.
Evaluating the safety and potential use of
Wienfield HR 1994 The nature and elicitation
Chuan, for rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Payton O, Poland J 1983 Ageing process —
Klitgaard H, Mantoni M, Schiaffino S et al.
implications for clinical practice. Physical
Wolf SL, Barnhart HX, Kutner NG et al.
expression of ageing of skeletal muscle —
al. 1995 The effects of exercise on falls in
elderly patients. Journal of the American
Wolf SL, Coogler C, Xu T 1997 Exploring the
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
Wolfson L, Whipple R, Derby C et al. 1996
it’s implications. Physical Therapy 77:
J O U R N A L O F B O DY W O R K A N D M O V E M E N T T H E R A P I E S JANUARY 2 0 01
T h e n e w e ng l a n d j o u r na l o f m e dic i n e Rosiglitazone and Cardiovascular Risk Bruce M. Psaty, M.D., Ph.D., and Curt D. Furberg, M.D., Ph.D. In this issue of the Journal, Nissen and Wolski1 control groups. Across the trials, there was no report the results of a meta-analysis of treatment standard method for identifying or validating trials of rosiglitazone, as compared
The effect of coffee and caffeine consumption on serum lipids in rats.N. Rakicioglu, G. Pekcan and A. Cevik. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 49.6 (Nov 1998): p441(1). (3575 words) Abstract: Coronary heart disease research confirms that coffee alone is not a significant risk factor. Laboratory rats were fed controlled diets with varying levels of coffee, caffeine