1004362
Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of theWildlife and Countryside Act 1981
Local Planning Authorities: WEST WILTSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL, WiltshireCounty Council
Description and Reasons for Notification:Inwood is a structurally varied and botanically rich example of southern calcareousash-wych elm and dry ash-maple woodland. It supports an extremely rich groundflora including populations of two nationally uncommon plants. The extensive ridesystem incorporates an area of unimproved neutral hay meadow which addsconsiderably to the interest. Both woodland and grassland elements of the siterepresent habitat types which have greatly declined in extent in recent years andremain under threat.
The wood lies on a gentle east facing slope of the oolitic limestone in the southernCotswolds. Immediately to the west the land drops steeply into the Avon Valley.
Much of the site comprises derelict mixed coppice of ash, hazel and field maplewith large areas also holding coppiced wych elm. The elm has been badly affectedby Dutch elm disease and is now largely represented by young regrowth and a littlestanding and fallen dead timber. Some English elm has survived the disease in theform of root suckers only. Standards of mature oak and ash are widespreadalthough the latter are far less frequent. Large beech trees occur sparingly near thetop of the slope.
Beneath the relatively dense canopy there is a diverse shrub layer which includeshawthorn, elder, dogwood, wayfaring tree, spindle and some holly. Many of theseshrubs offer support for the vigorous wild clematis
Clematis vitalba.
A rich ground flora is variously dominated by dogÕs mercury
Mercurialis perennis,bluebell
Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood anemone
Anemone nemorosa andbramble
Rubus fruticosus. In the eastern part of the site, especially, there are largenumbers of spiked star-of-Bethlehem
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, a speciesvirtually restricted to a small area of south west England. Other plants indicative oflong-established woodland occur less commonly and include moschatel
Adoxamoschatellina, enchanterÕs nightshade
Circaea lutetiana, sanicle
Sanicula europaea,
wood spurge
Euphorbia amygdaloides, yellow archangel
Lamiastrum galeobdolonand stinking iris
Iris foetidissima. Woodland grasses and sedges are widespread, forexample wood melick
Melica uniflora, wood false-brome
Brachypodium sylvaticum,giant fescue
Festuca gigantea, wood-sedge
Carex sylvatica and thin-spiked wood-sedge
C. strigosa. The shady, slightly damp nature of the wood has allowed manyferns to flourish, such as hartÕs-tongue
Phyllitis scolopendrium, broad buckler-fern
Dryopteris dilitata, scaly male-fern
D. affinis and male-fern
D. filix-mas.
Inwood is dissected by a ride system incorporating a wide stretch of grasslandnormally cut for hay in summer. This diverse area supports woodland field layerplants such as bluebell, wild strawberry
Fragaria vesca and pignut
Conopodiummajus as well as more typical grassland plants including oxeye daisy
Leucanthemum vulgare, common catÕs-ear
Hypochoeris radicata, dwarf thistle
Cirsium acaule and common milkwort
Polygala vulgaris. Of particular note are thelarge populations of both spiked star-of-Bethlehem and the scarce meadow saffron
Colchicum autumnale, which also grows along some of the narrow rides.
The wood supports a characteristic breeding bird community including thecommoner tits and warblers and the more localised lesser spotted woodpecker. Awide range of woodland and grassland butterfly species are also present, includingpurple hairstreak, holly blue, gatekeeper and small skipper.
Source: http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004362.pdf
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